매달, 우리는 1000명 이상의 사람들이 시험 준비를 잘하고 시험을 잘 통과할 수 있도록 도와줍니다.
Cloud, Associate (JNCIA-Cloud) 온라인 연습
최종 업데이트 시간: 2025년05월04일
당신은 온라인 연습 문제를 통해 Juniper JN0-214 시험지식에 대해 자신이 어떻게 알고 있는지 파악한 후 시험 참가 신청 여부를 결정할 수 있다.
시험을 100% 합격하고 시험 준비 시간을 35% 절약하기를 바라며 JN0-214 덤프 (최신 실제 시험 문제)를 사용 선택하여 현재 최신 65개의 시험 문제와 답을 포함하십시오.
정답:
Explanation:
Virtualization technologies enable the creation of isolated environments for running applications or services.
Let’s analyze each option:
A. hardware-assisted virtualization
Incorrect: Hardware-assisted virtualization (e.g., Intel VT-x, AMD-V) provides support for running full virtual machines (VMs) on physical hardware. It is not related to containerization or microservices architecture.
B. OS-level virtualization
Correct: OS-level virtualization enables containerization , where multiple isolated user-space instances (containers) run on a single operating system kernel. Containers are lightweight and share the host OS kernel, making them ideal for microservices architectures. Examples include Docker and Kubernetes.
C. full virtualization
Incorrect: Full virtualization involves running a complete guest operating system on top of a hypervisor (e.g., VMware ESXi, KVM). While it provides strong isolation, it is not as lightweight or efficient as containerization for microservices.
D. paravirtualization
Incorrect: Paravirtualization involves modifying the guest operating system to communicate directly with the hypervisor. Like full virtualization, it is used for running VMs, not containers.
Why OS-Level Virtualization?
Containerization: OS-level virtualization creates isolated environments (containers) that share the
host OS kernel but have their own file systems, libraries, and configurations.
Microservices Architecture: Containers are well-suited for deploying microservices because they are lightweight, portable, and scalable.
JNCIA Cloud
Reference: The JNCIA-Cloud certification emphasizes understanding virtualization technologies, including OS-level virtualization. Containerization is a key component of modern cloud-native architectures, enabling efficient deployment of microservices.
For example, Juniper Contrail integrates with Kubernetes to manage containerized workloads in cloud environments. OS-level virtualization is fundamental to this integration.
Reference: Docker Documentation: Containerization
Juniper JNCIA-Cloud Study Guide: Virtualization
정답:
Explanation:
Software-Defined Networking (SDN) is a revolutionary approach to network management that separates the control plane from the data (forwarding) plane.
Let’s analyze each option:
A. It must manage networks through the use of containers and repositories.
Incorrect: While containers and repositories are important in cloud-native environments, they are not a requirement for SDN. SDN focuses on programmability and centralized control, not containerization.
B. It manages networks by separating the data forwarding plane from the control plane.
Correct: SDN separates the control plane (decision-making) from the data forwarding plane (packet forwarding). This separation enables centralized control, programmability, and dynamic network management.
C. It applies security policies individually to each separate node.
Incorrect: SDN applies security policies centrally through the SDN controller, not individually to each node. Centralized policy enforcement is one of the key advantages of SDN.
D. It manages networks by merging the data forwarding plane with the control plane.
Incorrect: Merging the forwarding and control planes contradicts the fundamental principle of SDN.
The separation of these planes is what enables SDN’s flexibility and programmability.
Why This Answer?
Separation of Planes: By decoupling the control plane from the forwarding plane, SDN enables centralized control over network devices. This architecture simplifies network management, improves scalability, and supports automation.
JNCIA Cloud
Reference: The JNCIA-Cloud certification covers SDN as a core concept in cloud networking. Understanding the separation of the control and forwarding planes is essential for designing and managing modern cloud environments.
For example, Juniper Contrail serves as an SDN controller, centralizing control over network devices and enabling advanced features like network automation and segmentation.
Reference: Open Networking Foundation (ONF) SDN Architecture
Juniper JNCIA-Cloud Study Guide: Software-Defined Networking
정답:
Explanation:
CPU flags indicate hardware support for specific features, including virtualization.
Let’s analyze each option:
A. lvm
Incorrect: LVM (Logical Volume Manager) is a storage management technology used in Linux systems. It is unrelated to CPU virtualization.
B. vmx
Correct: The vmx flag indicates Intel Virtualization Technology (VT-x), which provides hardware-assisted virtualization capabilities. This feature is essential for running hypervisors like VMware ESXi, KVM, and Hyper-V.
C. xvm
Incorrect: xvm is not a recognized CPU flag for virtualization. It may be a misinterpretation or typo.
D. kvm
Correct: The kvm flag indicates Kernel-based Virtual Machine (KVM) support, which is a Linux kernel module that leverages hardware virtualization extensions (e.g., Intel VT-x or AMD-V) to run virtual machines. While kvm itself is not a CPU flag, it relies on hardware virtualization features like vmx (Intel) or svm (AMD).
Why These Answers?
Hardware Virtualization Support: Both vmx (Intel VT-x) and kvm (Linux virtualization) are directly related to CPU virtualization. These flags enable efficient execution of virtual machines by offloading tasks to the CPU.
JNCIA Cloud
Reference: The JNCIA-Cloud certification emphasizes understanding virtualization technologies, including hardware-assisted virtualization. Recognizing CPU flags like vmx and kvm is crucial for deploying and troubleshooting virtualized environments.
For example, Juniper Contrail integrates with hypervisors like KVM to manage virtualized workloads in cloud environments. Ensuring hardware virtualization support is a prerequisite for deploying such solutions.
Reference: Intel Virtualization Technology Documentation
KVM Documentation
Juniper JNCIA-Cloud Study Guide: Virtualization
정답:
Explanation:
In an overlay software-defined networking (SDN) solution, overlay tunnels play a critical role in abstracting the underlying physical network (underlay) from the virtualized network (overlay).
Let’s analyze each option:
A. The overlay tunnels provide optimization of traffic for performance and resilience.
Incorrect: While overlay tunnels can contribute to traffic optimization indirectly, their primary role is not performance or resilience. These aspects are typically handled by SDN controllers or other network optimization tools.
B. The overlay tunnels provide load balancing and scale out for applications.
Incorrect: Load balancing and scaling are functions of application-level services or SDN controllers, not the overlay tunnels themselves. Overlay tunnels focus on encapsulating traffic rather than managing application workloads.
C. The overlay tunnels provide microsegmentation for workloads.
Incorrect: Microsegmentation is achieved through policies and security rules applied at the overlay network level, not directly by the tunnels themselves. Overlay tunnels enable the transport of segmented traffic but do not enforce segmentation.
D. The overlay tunnels abstract the underlay network topology.
Correct: Overlay tunnels encapsulate traffic between endpoints (e.g., VMs, containers) and hide the complexity of the underlay network. This abstraction allows the overlay network to operate independently of the physical network topology, enabling flexibility and scalability.
Why This Answer?
Abstraction of Underlay: Overlay tunnels use encapsulation protocols like VXLAN, GRE, or MPLS to create virtualized networks that are decoupled from the physical infrastructure. This abstraction
simplifies network management and enables advanced features like multi-tenancy and mobility.
JNCIA Cloud
Reference: The JNCIA-Cloud certification covers overlay and underlay networks as part of its SDN curriculum. Understanding the role of overlay tunnels is essential for designing and managing virtualized networks in cloud environments.
For example, Juniper Contrail uses overlay tunnels to provide connectivity between virtual machines (VMs) and containers, abstracting the physical network and enabling seamless communication across distributed environments.
Reference: Juniper JNCIA-Cloud Study Guide: Overlay Networks
Network Virtualization Documentation
정답:
Explanation:
Cloud automation tools streamline the deployment and management of software, tools, and infrastructure in cloud environments.
Let’s analyze each option:
A. Python
Incorrect: Python is a general-purpose programming language, not a cloud automation tool. While Python scripts can be used for automation, it is not specifically designed for this purpose.
B. Ansible
Correct: Ansible is a popular automation tool that uses YAML-based playbooks to define and execute tasks. It automates the installation of software, configuration management, and application deployment on servers. Ansible’s simplicity and agentless architecture make it widely adopted in cloud environments.
C. Terraform
Incorrect: Terraform is an infrastructure-as-code (IaC) tool used to provision and manage cloud infrastructure (e.g., virtual machines, networks, storage). It uses HashiCorp Configuration Language (HCL), not YAML, for defining configurations.
D. Heat
Incorrect: Heat is an orchestration tool in OpenStack that uses YAML templates to define and deploy cloud resources. While it supports YAML, it is specific to OpenStack and focuses on infrastructure provisioning rather than server-level software installation.
Why Ansible?
YAML Playbooks: Ansible uses YAML-based playbooks to define tasks, making it easy to read and write automation scripts.
Agentless Architecture: Ansible operates over SSH, eliminating the need for agents on target servers.
Versatility: Ansible can automate a wide range of tasks, from software installation to configuration management.
JNCIA Cloud
Reference: The JNCIA-Cloud certification covers automation tools as part of its cloud operations curriculum. Tools like Ansible are essential for automating repetitive tasks and ensuring consistency in cloud environments.
For example, Juniper Contrail integrates with Ansible to automate the deployment and configuration of network services, enabling efficient management of cloud resources.
Reference: Ansible Documentation: YAML Playbooks
Juniper JNCIA-Cloud Study Guide: Automation Tools
정답:
Explanation:
Software-Defined Networking (SDN) separates the control plane from the data (forwarding) plane, enabling centralized control and programmability of network devices.
Let’s analyze each option:
A. the operational plane
Incorrect: The operational plane is not a standard term in SDN architecture. It may refer to monitoring or management tasks but does not define packet forwarding behavior.
B. the forwarding plane
Incorrect: The forwarding plane (also known as the data plane) is responsible for forwarding packets based on rules provided by the control plane. It does not define where packets are forwarded; it simply executes the instructions.
C. the management plane
Incorrect: The management plane handles device configuration, monitoring, and administrative tasks. It does not determine packet forwarding paths.
D. the control plane
Correct: The control plane is responsible for making decisions about where data packets are forwarded. In SDN, the control plane is centralized in the SDN controller, which calculates forwarding paths and communicates them to network devices via protocols like OpenFlow.
Why the Control Plane?
Centralized Decision-Making: The control plane determines the optimal paths for packet forwarding and updates the forwarding plane accordingly.
Programmability: SDN controllers allow administrators to programmatically define forwarding rules, enabling dynamic and flexible network configurations.
JNCIA Cloud
Reference: The JNCIA-Cloud certification emphasizes understanding SDN architecture and its components. The separation of the control plane and forwarding plane is a foundational concept in SDN, enabling scalable and programmable networks.
For example, Juniper Contrail serves as an SDN controller, centralizing control over network devices and enabling advanced features like network automation and segmentation.
Reference: Open Networking Foundation (ONF) SDN Architecture
Juniper JNCIA-Cloud Study Guide: Software-Defined Networking
정답:
Explanation:
Network Functions Virtualization (NFV) is a framework designed to virtualize network services traditionally run on proprietary hardware. It decouples network functions from dedicated hardware appliances and implements them as software running on standard servers or virtual machines.
Let’s analyze each statement:
A. The NFV framework explains how VNFs fit into the whole solution.
Correct: The NFV framework provides a structured approach to deploying and managing Virtualized Network Functions (VNFs). It defines how VNFs interact with other components, such as the NFV Infrastructure (NFVI), Management and Orchestration (MANO), and the underlying hardware.
B. The NFV Infrastructure (NFVI) is a component of NFV.
Correct: The NFV Infrastructure (NFVI) is a critical part of the NFV architecture. It includes the physical and virtual resources (e.g., compute, storage, networking) that host and support VNFs. NFVI acts as the foundation for deploying and running virtualized network functions.
C. The NFV Infrastructure (NFVI) is not a component of NFV.
Incorrect: This statement contradicts the NFV architecture. NFVI is indeed a core component of NFV, providing the necessary infrastructure for VNFs.
D. The NFV framework is defined by the W3C.
Incorrect: The NFV framework is defined by the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI), not the W3C. ETSI’s NFV Industry Specification Group (ISG) established the standards and architecture for NFV.
Why These Answers?
Framework The NFV framework provides a comprehensive view of how VNFs integrate into the overall solution, ensuring scalability and flexibility.
NFVI Role: NFVI is essential for hosting and supporting VNFs, making it a fundamental part of the NFV architecture.
JNCIA Cloud
Reference: The JNCIA-Cloud certification covers NFV as part of its cloud infrastructure curriculum. Understanding the NFV framework and its components is crucial for deploying and managing virtualized network functions in cloud environments.
For example, Juniper Contrail integrates with NFV frameworks to deploy and manage VNFs, enabling service providers to deliver network services efficiently and cost-effectively.
Reference: ETSI NFV Framework Documentation
Juniper JNCIA-Cloud Study Guide: Network Functions Virtualization
정답:
Explanation:
An underlay network refers to the physical or logical network infrastructure that provides the foundation for overlay networks in cloud environments. It handles the actual transport of data between devices and serves as the backbone for cloud architectures.
Let’s analyze each statement:
A. An underlay network can be built using either Layer 2 or Layer 3 connectivity.
Correct: Underlay networks can operate at both Layer 2 (switching) and Layer 3 (routing). For example:
Layer 2: Uses Ethernet switching to forward traffic within a single broadcast domain.
Layer 3: Uses IP routing to forward traffic across multiple subnets or networks.
B. A Layer 3 underlay network uses routing protocols to provide IP connectivity.
Correct: In a Layer 3 underlay network, routing protocols like OSPF, BGP, or EIGRP are used to exchange routing information and ensure IP connectivity between devices. This is common in large-scale cloud environments where scalability and segmentation are critical.
C. The underlay network is the virtual network used to connect multiple virtual machines (VMs).
Incorrect: The underlay network is the physical or logical infrastructure that supports the overlay
network. The overlay network, on the other hand, is the virtual network used to connect VMs, containers, or other endpoints. The underlay provides the foundation, while the overlay adds abstraction and flexibility.
D. The underlay network is built using encapsulations tunnels.
Incorrect: Encapsulation tunnels (e.g., VXLAN, GRE) are used in overlay networks, not underlay networks. The underlay network provides the physical or logical transport layer, while the overlay network uses tunnels to create virtualized network segments.
Why These Answers?
Layer 2 and Layer 3 Flexibility: The underlay network must support both switching and routing to accommodate diverse workloads and topologies.
Routing Protocols in Layer 3: Routing protocols are essential for scalable and efficient IP connectivity in Layer 3 underlay networks.
JNCIA Cloud
Reference: The JNCIA-Cloud certification covers underlay and overlay networks as part of its discussion on cloud architectures. Understanding the distinction between underlay and overlay networks is crucial for designing and managing cloud environments.
For example, Juniper Contrail uses an underlay network to provide the physical connectivity required for overlay networks. The underlay ensures reliable and scalable transport, while the overlay enables flexible virtualized networking.
Reference: Juniper JNCIA-Cloud Study Guide: Underlay and Overlay Networks Network Virtualization Documentation
정답:
Explanation:
OpenStack is an open-source cloud computing platform that provides various services for managing compute, storage, and networking resources. To provision a bare-metal server in OpenStack, the Ironic service is required.
Let’s analyze each option:
A. Ironic
Correct: OpenStack Ironic is a bare-metal provisioning service that allows you to manage and provision physical servers as if they were virtual machines. It automates tasks such as hardware discovery, configuration, and deployment of operating systems on bare-metal servers.
B. Zun
Incorrect: OpenStack Zun is a container service that manages the lifecycle of containers. It is unrelated to bare-metal provisioning.
C. Trove
Incorrect: OpenStack Trove is a Database as a Service (DBaaS) solution that provides managed database instances. It does not handle bare-metal provisioning.
D. Magnum
Incorrect: OpenStack Magnum is a container orchestration service that supports Kubernetes, Docker Swarm, and other container orchestration engines. It is focused on containerized workloads, not bare-metal servers.
Why Ironic?
Purpose-Built for Bare-Metal: Ironic is specifically designed to provision and manage bare-metal servers, making it the correct choice for this requirement.
Automation: Ironic automates the entire bare-metal provisioning process, including hardware discovery, configuration, and OS deployment.
JNCIA Cloud
Reference: The JNCIA-Cloud certification covers OpenStack as part of its cloud infrastructure curriculum. Understanding OpenStack services like Ironic is essential for managing bare-metal and virtualized environments in cloud deployments.
For example, Juniper Contrail integrates with OpenStack to provide networking and security for both
virtualized and bare-metal workloads. Proficiency with OpenStack services ensures efficient management of diverse cloud resources.
Reference: OpenStack Documentation: Ironic Bare-Metal Provisioning
Juniper JNCIA-Cloud Study Guide: OpenStack Services
정답:
Explanation:
Cloud service models define how services are delivered and managed in a cloud environment.
The three primary models are:
Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS): Provides virtualized computing resources such as servers, storage, networking, and virtualization over the internet. Customers manage their own operating systems, applications, and data, while the cloud provider manages the underlying infrastructure.
Platform as a Service (PaaS): Provides a platform for developers to build, deploy, and manage applications without worrying about the underlying infrastructure. Examples include Google App Engine and Microsoft Azure App Services.
Software as a Service (SaaS): Delivers fully functional applications over the internet, eliminating the need for users to install or maintain software locally. Examples include Salesforce CRM, Google Workspace, and Microsoft Office 365.
Database as a Service (DaaS): A specialized subset of PaaS that provides managed database services.
In this question, the focus is on access to networking, storage, servers, and virtualization, which are the core components of IaaS. IaaS allows customers to rent infrastructure on-demand and build their own environments without investing in physical hardware.
Why IaaS?
Flexibility: Customers have full control over the operating systems, applications, and configurations.
Scalability: Resources can be scaled up or down based on demand.
Cost Efficiency: Pay-as-you-go pricing eliminates upfront hardware costs.
JNCIA Cloud
Reference: The JNCIA-Cloud certification emphasizes understanding the different cloud service models and their use cases. IaaS is particularly relevant for organizations that want to leverage cloud infrastructure while maintaining control over their applications and data.
For example, Juniper Contrail integrates with IaaS platforms like OpenStack to provide advanced networking and security features for virtualized environments.
Reference: NIST Cloud Computing Reference Architecture
Juniper JNCIA-Cloud Study Guide: Cloud Service Models
정답:
Explanation:
Kubernetes is an open-source container orchestration platform that automates the deployment, scaling, and management of containerized applications.
Let’s analyze each statement:
A. Kubernetes is compatible with the container open container runtime.
Correct: Kubernetes supports the Open Container Initiative (OCI) runtime standards, which ensure compatibility with various container runtimes like containerd, cri-o, and others. This flexibility allows Kubernetes to work with different container engines beyond just Docker.
B. Kubernetes requires the Docker daemon to run Docker containers.
Incorrect: While Kubernetes historically used Docker as its default container runtime, it no longer depends on the Docker daemon. Instead, Kubernetes uses the Container Runtime Interface (CRI) to interact with container runtimes like containerd or cri-o. Docker’s runtime has been replaced by containerd in most modern Kubernetes deployments.
C. A container is the smallest unit of computing that you can manage with Kubernetes.
Correct: In Kubernetes, a container represents the smallest deployable unit of computing. Containers encapsulate application code, dependencies, and configurations. Kubernetes manages containers through higher-level abstractions like Pods, which are groups of one or more containers.
D. A Kubernetes cluster must contain at least one control plane node.
Incorrect: While a Kubernetes cluster typically requires at least one control plane node to manage the cluster, this statement is incomplete. A functional Kubernetes cluster also requires at least one worker node to run application workloads. Both control plane and worker nodes are essential for a fully operational cluster.
Why These Answers?
Compatibility with OCI Runtimes: Kubernetes’ support for OCI-compliant runtimes ensures flexibility and avoids vendor lock-in.
Containers as Smallest Unit: Understanding that containers are the fundamental building blocks of Kubernetes is crucial for designing and managing applications in a Kubernetes environment.
JNCIA Cloud
Reference: The JNCIA-Cloud certification covers Kubernetes as part of its container orchestration curriculum. Understanding Kubernetes architecture, compatibility, and core concepts is essential for deploying and managing containerized applications in cloud environments.
For example, Juniper Contrail integrates with Kubernetes to provide advanced networking and security features for containerized workloads. Proficiency with Kubernetes ensures seamless operation of cloud-native applications.
Reference: Kubernetes Documentation: Container Runtimes
Juniper JNCIA-Cloud Study Guide: Kubernetes
정답:
Explanation:
KVM (Kernel-based Virtual Machine) is a popular open-source virtualization technology that allows you to run virtual machines (VMs) on Linux systems. The virsh command-line tool is used to manage
KVM VMs.
Let’s analyze each option:
A. virt-install
Incorrect: The virt-install command is used to create and provision new virtual machines. It is not used to list running VMs.
B. virsh net-list
Incorrect: The virsh net-list command lists virtual networks configured in the KVM environment. It does not display information about running VMs.
C. virsh list
Correct: The virsh list command displays the status of virtual machines managed by the KVM hypervisor. By default, it shows only running VMs. You can use the --all flag to include stopped VMs in the output.
D. VBoxManage list runningvms
Incorrect: The VBoxManage command is used with Oracle VirtualBox, not KVM. It is unrelated to KVM virtualization.
Why virsh list?
Purpose-Built for KVM: virsh is the standard tool for managing KVM virtual machines, and virsh list is specifically designed to show the status of running VMs.
Simplicity: The command is straightforward and provides the required information without additional complexity.
JNCIA Cloud
Reference: The JNCIA-Cloud certification emphasizes understanding virtualization technologies, including KVM. Managing virtual machines using tools like virsh is a fundamental skill for operating virtualized environments.
For example, Juniper Contrail supports integration with KVM hypervisors, enabling the deployment and management of virtualized network functions (VNFs). Proficiency with KVM tools ensures efficient management of virtualized infrastructure.
Reference: KVM Documentation: virsh Command
Juniper JNCIA-Cloud Study Guide: Virtualization
정답:
Explanation:
Docker provides various commands to manage and interact with Docker objects such as containers, images, networks, and volumes. To obtain low-level information about these objects, the docker inspect command is used.
Let’s analyze each option:
A. docker info <OBJECT_NAME>
Incorrect: The docker info command provides high-level information about the Docker daemon itself, such as the number of containers, images, and system-wide configurations. It does not provide detailed information about specific Docker objects.
B. docker inspect <OBJECT_NAME>
Correct: The docker inspect command retrieves low-level metadata and configuration details about Docker objects (e.g., containers, images, networks, volumes). This includes information such as IP addresses, mount points, environment variables, and network settings. It outputs the data in JSON format for easy parsing and analysis.
C. docker container <OBJECT_NAME>
Incorrect: The docker container command is a parent command for managing containers (e.g., docker container ls, docker container start). It does not directly provide low-level information about a
specific container.
D. docker system <OBJECT_NAME>
Incorrect: The docker system command is used for system-wide operations, such as pruning unused resources (docker system prune) or viewing disk usage (docker system df). It does not provide low-level details about specific Docker objects.
Why docker inspect?
Detailed Metadata: docker inspect is specifically designed to retrieve comprehensive, low-level information about Docker objects.
Versatility: It works with multiple object types, including containers, images, networks, and volumes.
JNCIA Cloud
Reference: The JNCIA-Cloud certification covers Docker as part of its containerization curriculum. Understanding how to use Docker commands like docker inspect is essential for managing and troubleshooting containerized applications in cloud environments.
For example, Juniper Contrail integrates with container orchestration platforms like Kubernetes, which rely on Docker for container management. Proficiency with Docker commands ensures effective operation and debugging of containerized workloads.
Reference: Docker Documentation: docker inspect Command
Juniper JNCIA-Cloud Study Guide: Containerization
정답:
Explanation:
Docker is a popular containerization platform that relies on a container runtime to manage the lifecycle of containers. The container runtime is responsible for tasks such as creating, starting, stopping, and managing containers.
Let’s analyze each option:
A. docker_cli
Incorrect: The Docker CLI (Command Line Interface) is a tool used to interact with the Docker daemon (dockerd). It is not a container runtime but rather a user interface for managing Docker containers.
B. containerd
Correct: containerd is the default container runtime used by Docker. It is a lightweight, industry-standard runtime that handles low-level container management tasks, such as image transfer, container execution, and lifecycle management. Docker delegates these tasks to containerd through the Docker daemon.
C. dockerd
Incorrect: dockerd is the Docker daemon, which manages Docker objects such as images, containers, networks, and volumes. While dockerd interacts with the container runtime, it is not the runtime itself.
D. cri-o
Incorrect: cri-o is an alternative container runtime designed specifically for Kubernetes. It implements the Kubernetes Container Runtime Interface (CRI) and is not used by Docker.
Why containerd?
Industry Standard: containerd is a widely adopted container runtime that adheres to the Open Container Initiative (OCI) standards.
Integration with Docker: Docker uses containerd as its default runtime, making it the correct answer in this context.
JNCIA Cloud
Reference: The JNCIA-Cloud certification emphasizes understanding containerization technologies and their components. Docker and its runtime (containerd) are foundational tools in modern cloud environments, enabling lightweight, portable, and scalable application deployment.
For example, Juniper Contrail integrates with container orchestration platforms like Kubernetes, which often use containerd as the underlying runtime. Understanding container runtimes is essential
for managing containerized workloads in cloud environments.
Reference: Docker Documentation: Container Runtimes
Open Container Initiative (OCI) Standards
Juniper JNCIA-Cloud Study Guide: Containerization
정답: B, C
Explanation:
Network Functions Virtualization (NFV) is a framework designed to virtualize network services traditionally run on proprietary hardware. NFV aims to reduce costs, improve scalability, and increase flexibility by decoupling network functions from dedicated hardware appliances.
Let’s analyze each statement:
A. It implements virtualized tunnel endpoints.
Incorrect: While NFV can support virtualized tunnel endpoints (e.g., VXLAN gateways), this is not a defining characteristic of the NFV framework. Tunneling protocols are typically associated with SDN or overlay networks rather than NFV itself.
B. It decouples the network software from the hardware.
Correct: One of the primary goals of NFV is to separate network functions (e.g., firewalls, load balancers, routers) from proprietary hardware. Instead, these functions are implemented as software running on standard servers or virtual machines.
C. It implements virtualized network functions.
Correct: NFV replaces traditional hardware-based network appliances with virtualized network functions (VNFs). Examples include virtual firewalls, virtual routers, and virtual load balancers. These VNFs run on commodity hardware and are managed through orchestration platforms.
D. It decouples the network control plane from the forwarding plane.
Incorrect: Decoupling the control plane from the forwarding plane is a characteristic of Software-Defined Networking (SDN), not NFV. While NFV and SDN are complementary technologies, they serve different purposes. NFV focuses on virtualizing network functions, while SDN focuses on programmable network control.
JNCIA Cloud
Reference: The JNCIA-Cloud certification covers NFV as part of its discussion on cloud architectures and virtualization. NFV is particularly relevant in modern cloud environments because it enables flexible and scalable deployment of network services without reliance on specialized hardware.
For example, Juniper Contrail integrates with NFV frameworks to deploy and manage VNFs, enabling service providers to deliver network services efficiently and cost-effectively.
Reference: ETSI NFV Framework Documentation
Juniper JNCIA-Cloud Study Guide: Network Functions Virtualization