CTAL-TM 시험 - ISTQB실제시험문제와 답 - 128문항

Question No : 1

While mining the defect database for patterns of problems in the last release, a Test Manager notices that many of the most damaging failures were caused by defects injected during the low-level design phase.
Which of the following actions will likely give this project the most effective solution to this problem? [3]

A.Increased static analysis during the implementation phase
B.Mandatory reviews of all important design work products
C.Formal inspections of the code modules affected by the last release
D.Increased white-box coverage during system testing

정답:
Explanation:
The most effective solution to this problem is to implement mandatory reviews of all important design work products. This is because reviews are a type of static testing technique that can detect and prevent defects early in the software development lifecycle, before they become more costly and difficult to fix. By reviewing the low-level design work products, such as detailed design specifications, the project team can ensure that they are consistent, complete, and correct, and that they meet the requirements and the quality standards. Reviews - ISTQB not-for-profit association
Reference: Certified Tester Advanced Level Test Manager (CTAL-TM) - ISTQB not-for-profit association, ISTQB Test Manager Certification - ISTQB Exams Worldwide - ISTQB Official Registration, Reviews - ISTQB not-for-profit association

Question No : 2

You are reviewing the project's traceability matrix after the first cycle of testing. You have discovered that new requirements have been introduced and others have changed.
What should you do? [2]

A.Assign the new requirements to a maintenance release, update the test documentation for the changed requirements.
B.Ask for more time and budget for testing.
C.Update the "lessons learned" document to avoid future issues similar to this.
D.Re-assess the test coverage.

정답:
Explanation:
The best action that you should take in this situation is to re-assess the test coverage. This is because the traceability matrix is a document that shows the relationship between the requirements and the test cases, and it can be used to measure the test coverage, which is the degree to which the requirements are tested. If new requirements have been introduced and others have changed, the test coverage may be affected, and some test cases may become obsolete or incomplete. Therefore, you should re-assess the test coverage and update the test cases accordingly, to ensure that the testing is consistent with the current requirements and the test objectives. Traceability Matrix - ISTQB not-for-profit association
Reference: Certified Tester Advanced Level Test Manager (CTAL-TM) - ISTQB not-for-profit association, ISTQB Test Manager Certification - ISTQB Exams Worldwide - ISTQB Official Registration, Traceability Matrix - ISTQB not-for-profit association

Question No : 3

You just handed over the Defect Accepted and Deferred report to your Maintenance team.
Which testing activity are you performing? [1]

A.Defect Design
B.Test Decommission
C.Test Exit Criteria
D.Test Closure

정답:
Explanation:
The correct answer is
D. Test Closure. This is because test closure is the final activity of the test process, in which the test team evaluates the test results, reports the outcomes, identifies the lessons learned, and hands over the testware and the defect reports to the maintenance team. The Defect Accepted and Deferred report is a document that lists the defects that have been accepted by the stakeholders and deferred to be fixed in future releases. By handing over this report to the maintenance team, the test team is performing the test closure activity. Test Closure - ISTQB not-for-profit association
Reference: Certified Tester Advanced Level Test Manager (CTAL-TM) - ISTQB not-for-profit association, ISTQB Test Manager Certification - ISTQB Exams Worldwide - ISTQB Official Registration, Test Closure - ISTQB not-for-profit association

Question No : 4

During what step of the Fundamental Test Process should you define the methods to be used to collect test metrics? [1]

A.Analysis
B.Planning
C.Closure
D.Execution

정답:
Explanation:
The correct answer is
B. Planning. This is because test metrics are quantitative measures that are used to monitor and control the test process, and to evaluate the test results and quality. Test metrics should be defined during the planning step of the Fundamental Test Process, which is the activity of establishing the test objectives, scope, approach, resources, schedule, and deliverables. By defining the methods to be used to collect test metrics during the planning step, the test team can ensure that the test metrics are aligned with the test plan and the project goals, and that the data collection process is consistent and efficient. Test Metrics - ISTQB not-for-profit association
Reference: Certified Tester Advanced Level Test Manager (CTAL-TM) - ISTQB not-for-profit association, ISTQB Test Manager Certification - ISTQB Exams Worldwide - ISTQB Official Registration, Test Metrics - ISTQB not-for-profit association

Question No : 5

What is the primary use for the traceability information regarding the relationship between test results and test conditions during test execution? [2]

A.The Test Manager uses this information to control the test execution effort.
B.The development manager uses this information to determine how many developer resources to allocate to defect repair.
C.The project manager uses this information to determine if the project is on schedule.
D.The tester uses this information to determine which test should be run next.

정답:
Explanation:
The correct answer is
A. The Test Manager uses this information to control the test execution effort. This is because traceability information regarding the relationship between test results and test conditions can help the Test Manager to measure and evaluate the test progress, quality, and coverage, and to take corrective actions when necessary. For example, the Test Manager can use this information to identify and prioritize the test conditions that have not been tested yet, to analyze the test results and the defect status, and to adjust the test execution plan and schedule accordingly. Test Monitoring and Control - ISTQB not-for-profit association
Reference: Certified Tester Advanced Level Test Manager (CTAL-TM) - ISTQB not-for-profit association, ISTQB Test Manager Certification - ISTQB Exams Worldwide - ISTQB Official Registration, Test Monitoring and Control - ISTQB not-for-profit association

Question No : 6

You are the Test Manager for a new product that is being developed according to an iterative lifecycle. At this point, you have 100% of your smoke tests automated, 20% of your functional tests and 50% of your regression tests. Your iterations are four weeks long. You are finding that with each iteration significant maintenance is required for your automated tests and you are not able to complete the testing within the planned timeframe. The test plan you created at the beginning of the project indicates
that all automated tests should be run before any manual tests.
Which of the following is a reasonable change to this plan based on how the project is going? [2]

A.Continue to run all the automation first, performing whatever maintenance is needed and then transfer testing resources from manual testing to increase the automation coverage.
B.Run the manual tests first and maintain the automation as time allows.
C.Continue to run the automated smoke tests first, execute the automated regression test and new manual functional tests in parallel, and discontinue automating any new functional test cases.
D.Run the automated regression tests first then proceed with the manual and automated functional tests, discontinuing the automated smoke.

정답:
Explanation:
The most reasonable change to the plan based on how the project is going is to continue to run the automated smoke tests first, execute the automated regression test and new manual functional tests in parallel, and discontinue automating any new functional test cases. This is because this option can help to reduce the maintenance effort and time for the automated tests, while still ensuring that the most critical and frequently changed areas are tested adequately. By running the automated smoke tests first, the test team can verify the basic functionality and stability of the new build before proceeding to more detailed testing. By executing the automated regression test and new manual functional tests in parallel, the test team can optimize the use of the available testing resources and cover the most relevant test cases for the current iteration. By discontinuing automating any new functional test cases, the test team can avoid adding more complexity and maintenance overhead to the existing automation suite. Test Automation - ISTQB not-for-profit association
Reference: Certified Tester Advanced Level Test Manager (CTAL-TM) - ISTQB not-for-profit association, ISTQB Test Manager Certification - ISTQB Exams Worldwide - ISTQB Official Registration, Test Automation - ISTQB not-for-profit association

Question No : 7

Verify that the wipers respond with fast constant speed
Given this information, which of the following statements is correct? [2]

A.This test case is traceable to the test condition and provides 100% requirements coverage of the defined test condition.
B.There is not enough information in the test condition to define a test case.
C.This test case is not traceable to the test condition.
D.The test case is traceable to the test condition and provides 100% statement coverage of the defined test condition.

정답:
Explanation:
The correct answer is
D. The test case is traceable to the test condition and provides 100% statement coverage of the defined test condition. This is because the test case is derived from the test condition, and it covers all the possible outcomes of the test condition, such as the initial state, the input, and the expected output. Statement coverage is a metric that measures the percentage of executable statements that are exercised by a test case. In this case, the test case exercises all the statements in the test condition, thus achieving 100% statement coverage. Statement Coverage - ISTQB not-for-profit association
Reference: Certified Tester Advanced Level Test Manager (CTAL-TM) - ISTQB not-for-profit association, ISTQB Test Manager Certification - ISTQB Exams Worldwide - ISTQB Official Registration, Statement Coverage - ISTQB not-for-profit association

Question No : 8

Which of the following is an advantage of specifying test conditions at a detailed level? [1]

A.Can be used to identify test coverage gaps
B.Saves time
C.Can be used to leverage use cases for acceptance testing
D.Improves maintainability and reduces ownership costs for the testware

정답:
Explanation:
The correct answer is
A. Can be used to identify test coverage gaps. This is because test conditions are the items or events of a component or system that will be verified by one or more test cases. Specifying test conditions at a detailed level can help to identify test coverage gaps, which are the areas or aspects of the component or system that are not covered by the test conditions or test cases. By identifying test coverage gaps, the test team can ensure that the testing is complete and consistent with the test objectives and scope. Test Conditions - ISTQB not-for-profit association
Reference: Certified Tester Advanced Level Test Manager (CTAL-TM) - ISTQB not-for-profit association, ISTQB Test Manager Certification - ISTQB Exams Worldwide - ISTQB Official Registration, Test Conditions - ISTQB not-for-profit association

Question No : 9

You are the Test Manager on a new project. The schedule is aggressive and will require the team to work at peak efficiency. The requirements are not well defined yet, but it is clear that the project will be using new technologies. To help the developers meet the development schedule, an offshore group will be added to the development team.
At this time there is not enough budget to add more testing resources. The project stakeholders are very concerned about the quality of the delivered product and will be watching the project closely, particularly during the testing cycles. The exit criteria from the system test level require no open high priority/severity defects, 100% pass rate for all test cases covering risks that are classified as "high" or "very high", 95% pass rate for all "medium" risks and 75% pass rate for all "low" and "very low" risks.
Given this information, which of the activities of the standard test process are the most critical for the Test Manager to perform? [3]

A.Requirements reviews
B.Test execution
C.Test monitoring and control
D.Project management, particularly regarding scheduling and budgeting

정답:
Explanation:
The most critical activity of the standard test process for the Test Manager to perform in this scenario is test monitoring and control. This is because test monitoring and control involves measuring and evaluating the test progress, quality, and risks, and taking corrective actions when necessary. Given the aggressive schedule, the unclear requirements, the new technologies, the offshore development team, the limited testing resources, and the high stakeholder expectations, the Test Manager needs to closely monitor and control the testing activities to ensure that the test objectives and exit criteria are met, and that any deviations or issues are identified and resolved in a timely manner. Test Monitoring and Control - ISTQB not-for-profit association
Reference: Certified Tester Advanced Level Test Manager (CTAL-TM) - ISTQB not-for-profit association, ISTQB Test Manager Certification - ISTQB Exams Worldwide - ISTQB Official Registration, Test Monitoring and Control - ISTQB not-for-profit association

Question No : 10

Which of the following statements is true regarding documentation standards? [2]

A.Documentation standards are a lower priority than testing standards.
B.Documentation standards can vary depending on the test level.
C.Agile projects consistently use level test plans and documentation standards.
D.Documentation standards are determined by the Project Manager.

정답:
Explanation:
Documentation standards are not uniform across all test levels; they can differ based on the specific requirements of each level. For instance, unit testing may have different documentation needs compared to system testing. The ISTQB documentation standards recognize this variability and allow for flexibility to suit the context of the test level. This ensures that the documentation is appropriate for the objectives and constraints of each test level, providing clarity and efficiency in the testing process.
Reference: The ISTQB Advanced Level Test Manager syllabus and the ISTQB Glossary provide detailed information on documentation standards and their application across different test levels. These resources are essential for understanding the principles and practices of effective test documentation in various testing scenarios.

Question No : 11

What is a "depth-first" risk-based testing technique? [1]

A.Highest risk test cases are executed first
B.All risk items are tested at least once
C.Lowest risk test cases are executed first
D.Non-functional test cases are executed first

정답:
Explanation:
A depth-first risk-based testing technique is a method of prioritizing and executing test cases based on the risk level of the features or functions to be tested. In this technique, the test cases with the highest risk are executed first, followed by the test cases with lower risks. This ensures that the most critical and likely areas of failure are tested thoroughly and early in the testing process. Risk Based Testing: Approach, Matrix, Process & Examples - Guru99
Reference: Certified Tester Advanced Level Test Manager (CTAL-TM) - ISTQB not-for-profit association, ISTQB Test Manager Certification - ISTQB Exams Worldwide - ISTQB Official Registration, [Analytical Test Strategy: A Comprehensive Guide - LambdaTest]

Question No : 12

You are the Test Manager of a four-person test team working for a small distribution company with a single warehouse. Your team has been working with a third party development team on a new inventory management system. The company expects this system to generate approximately one million dollars per annum in profits for the company. Early in the project, various risks were identified, and steps taken to mitigate those risks.
For example, you sent your test team for training on the new system, and upgraded the test environment. There are still some lingering risks that have not been addressed, but they have been determined to have a low chance of occurring, with minimal impact if they do occur.
What would be the best option to mitigate these remaining risks? [3]

A.Note the risks, and ignore them for now.
B.Redo the project test plan to add additional testing for these risk items.
C.Contract with the Risk Protection Insurance company to assume these risks at a cost of $500,000 per annum.
D.Create a cross-functional team to work to reduce the impact and likelihood of these risks coming to fruition.

정답:
Explanation:
Creating a cross-functional team to address the remaining risks is the best option, as it actively involves various stakeholders in the mitigation process. This approach allows for diverse perspectives and expertise to be applied to reduce both the likelihood of the risks occurring and their potential impact, without incurring excessive costs or ignoring the risks altogether.
Reference: The ISTQB Advanced Level Test Manager syllabus and related documents emphasize the importance of risk management throughout the testing process. It suggests that forming teams to address risks can be an effective strategy, as it leverages collective knowledge and resources to mitigate risks in a cost-effective manner

Question No : 13

When, at a minimum, should project risks be re-evaluated? [1]

A.Prior to test case creation
B.At major project milestones
C.During the creation of the test plan
D.At the beginning of the test execution phase

정답:

Question No : 14

You have been promoted to Test Manager within your company. Your new manager states that your test team utilized a risk-based test approach for the last release but in production, a number of serious failures in lightly tested areas have occurred.
What would be your first action prior to the start of the next test phase for the next release? [3]

A.Ensure you have the correct stakeholders' participation during the risk assessment process
B.Review the test cases executed from the previous release.
C.Request functional requirements be prioritized in order of importance to the stakeholder.
D.Review the production defects and determine if they are valid.

정답:
Explanation:
The best action that the Test Manager can take prior to the start of the next test phase for the next release is to ensure that the correct stakeholders’ participation during the risk assessment process. This is because the risk assessment process is crucial for identifying and prioritizing the risks that may affect the quality of the system, and allocating testing resources accordingly. The correct stakeholders are those who have the authority, knowledge, and interest in the system and its risks, and who can provide valuable input and feedback to the test team. By involving the correct stakeholders, the Test Manager can ensure that the risk-based test approach is aligned with the project objectives and the stakeholder expectations, and that the most critical areas are tested adequately.
Reference: Certified Tester Advanced Level Test Manager (CTAL-TM) - ISTQB not-for-profit association, ISTQB Test Manager Certification - ISTQB Exams Worldwide - ISTQB Official Registration, Managing the Test Team - ISTQB not-for-profit association

Question No : 15

Your application development team is performing "test-driven" development. This is a core principal of which software development model? [1]

A.Sequential
B.Iterative
C.Agile
D.Spiral

정답:
Explanation:
Test-driven development (TDD) is a core principle of Agile software development. In TDD, test cases are created before the code is written, and the code is developed to pass these tests. This approach emphasizes requirements and solutions evolving through collaborative effort and is a key practice in Agile methodologies12.
Reference: The Agile Alliance describes TDD as a style of programming tightly interwoven with coding, testing, and design, which is a fundamental aspect of Agile development3. Wikipedia also notes that TDD is related to the test-first programming concepts of extreme programming, an Agile methodology
This is because test-driven development (TDD) is a style of programming in which coding, testing, and design are tightly interwoven. TDD is a core principle of agile software development, which is an iterative and adaptive approach that values customer collaboration, working software, and responding to change. Agile Alliance
Reference: Certified Tester Advanced Level Test Manager (CTAL-TM) - ISTQB not-for-profit association, ISTQB Test Manager Certification - ISTQB Exams Worldwide -
ISTQB Official Registration,.
What is Test Driven Development (TDD)? | Agile Alliance

ISTQB CTAL-TM 시험